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{"id":35632,"date":"2019-05-21T17:13:21","date_gmt":"2019-05-21T15:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ubfc.fr\/?page_id=35632"},"modified":"2021-01-12T10:50:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T09:50:50","slug":"axe-1-materiaux-avances-ondes-et-systemes-intelligents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/isite-bfc\/axe-1-materiaux-avances-ondes-et-systemes-intelligents\/","title":{"rendered":"Axe 1 : Mat\u00e9riaux avanc\u00e9s, ondes et syst\u00e8mes intelligents"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Animateur d’axe :<\/strong> <\/span>
Micha\u00ebl Gauthier<\/a>, CNRS<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dans le cadre de ce domaine prioritaire, les comp\u00e9tences li\u00e9es aux th\u00e9matiques suivantes seront exploit\u00e9es :<\/p>

  • Mat\u00e9riaux et processus avanc\u00e9s<\/strong> : (nano)mat\u00e9-riaux et composites, chimie durable, films minces structur\u00e9s, surfaces fonctionnalis\u00e9es, fabrication des micro\/nanomat\u00e9riaux, m\u00e9taux pour composants de l\u2019industrie nucl\u00e9aire.<\/li>
  • Syst\u00e8mes intelligents int\u00e9gr\u00e9s et composants sous-jacents<\/strong> : micro\/nanotechnologies\/robotique, (nano)photonique non lin\u00e9aire, nouveaux paradigme informatiques, phononique, composants temps-fr\u00e9quence, capteurs.<\/li>
  • \u00c9nergie \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne, cog\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et thermique<\/strong> : mat\u00e9riaux et syst\u00e8mes de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (stationnaires, transports, micro-r\u00e9seaux), syst\u00e8mes de conversion \u00e9lectrique et thermique.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Cr\u00e9dit Photo : Ludovic Godard<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Ce domaine repose sur des partenariats avec des acteurs industriels majeurs (tels qu\u2019Airbus), dont un grand nombre sont install\u00e9s dans r\u00e9gion Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 (Areva, PSA Peugeot-Citro\u00ebn, Alstom et leurs sous-traitants, etc). Il englobe l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des recherches fondamentales et des technologies utiles au d\u00e9veloppement de mat\u00e9riaux avanc\u00e9s et de syst\u00e8mes intelligents, parmi lesquels les syst\u00e8mes propres de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>

    L\u2019objectif est d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la performance et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019usines tout en satisfaisant \u00e0 des attentes exigeantes en mati\u00e8re de p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 et de durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>

    L\u2019approche des questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des installations industrielles est de trois ordres :<\/p>

    1. D\u00e9veloppement des mat\u00e9riaux<\/strong> et des processus de fabrication; <\/li>
    2. Contr\u00f4le de syst\u00e8mes<\/strong> via divers capteurs int\u00e9gr\u00e9s et connect\u00e9s;<\/li>
    3. Calcul<\/strong> tout optique exploitant des algorithmes neuro-morphiques pour l\u2019exploitation des donn\u00e9es mesur\u00e9es, pour la pr\u00e9diction de l\u2019\u00e9volution des param\u00e8tres critiques – op\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, autonomie, fiabilit\u00e9 – et pour actualiser la r\u00e9troaction sur le syst\u00e8me contr\u00f4l\u00e9.<\/li><\/ol>

      En guise d\u2019exemple d\u2019approche d\u2019un enjeu de durabilit\u00e9, citons les micro-r\u00e9seaux pour l\u2019optimisation des sources d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 renouvelables pour les habitations ou les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission, avec l\u2019ambition d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de vie d\u2019environ 10 ans et d\u2019une p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9 de maintenance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un an.<\/p>

      Pour soutenir ces approches, I-SITE BFC poss\u00e8de les ressources scientifiques requises combinant physique, math\u00e9matiques, micro\/nanotechnologies, chimie durable, structuration et activation des mat\u00e9riaux, ondes photoniques et phononiques, contr\u00f4le, dispositifs int\u00e9gr\u00e9s, ing\u00e9nierie, nouveaux paradigmes de traitement des donn\u00e9es (informatique quantique\/neuromor-phique).<\/p>

      Ces derniers sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s aux capacit\u00e9s d\u2019anticipation des risques majeurs, qui constituent, de nos jours, un ingr\u00e9dient essentiel des protocoles de s\u00fbret\u00e9. Le traitement tout optique de l\u2019information \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019algorithmes inspir\u00e9s du fonctionnement du cerveau est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une alternative aux ordinateurs \u00e9lectroniques, qui atteignent progressivement leurs limites techniques en termes de vitesse des flux d\u2019informations internes et de consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Ainsi l\u2019int\u00e9gration de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des mat\u00e9riaux dans des boucles de r\u00e9troaction incluant des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019acquisition, de mesures et de calcul intense cr\u00e9era des dispositifs innovants reposant sur le traitement des donn\u00e9esutilisant des composants nano-photoniques ultra-rapides. Les indicateurs d\u2019excellence atteints par la communaut\u00e9 photonique de la r\u00e9gion Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 et la r\u00e9cente premi\u00e8re d\u00e9monstration mondiale d\u2019un concept de calcul tout optique neuromorphique permettent d\u2019envisager de relever ce d\u00e9fi.<\/p>

      Ce raisonnement implique d\u2019int\u00e9grer des fonctions (acquisition\/traitement des donn\u00e9es, actualisation de commandes, communication) dans les composants et conduit \u00e0 imaginer des compo-sants si petits (\u00e9chelle nanom\u00e9trique), qu\u2019ils puissent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les \u00ab atomes \u00bb constitutifs d\u2019une mati\u00e8re programmable (en am\u00e9ricain : \u00ab claytronics \u00bb – d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de \u00ab clay \u00bb, argile – n\u00e9ologisme issu d\u2019une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au mat\u00e9riau utilis\u00e9 par un sculpteur pour faire surgir un volume de forme arbitraire).<\/p>

      Dans cette vision, des processeurs nanom\u00e9-triques appel\u00e9s \u00ab claytronic atoms \u00bb (abr\u00e9g\u00e9 en \u00ab catoms \u00bb) interagissent les uns avec les autres pour former un objet 3D tangible capable de reconfigurer ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques \u00e0 partir de stimuli externes, provenant d\u2019acquisitions auto-nomes d\u2019informations ou de l\u2019intervention d\u2019un utilisateur (par le toucher, par exemple).<\/p>

      La mise au point de mati\u00e8re programmable devrait d\u00e9boucher sur de nombreuses applications de dispositifs dans les domaines de la m\u00e9decine, de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, des transports, de l\u2019espace, de la d\u00e9fense et de la vie quotidienne. Les configurations exp\u00e9rimentales actuelles n\u2019impliquent qu\u2019un nombre tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 de catoms de dimensions de l\u2019ordre du cm. La r\u00e9duction \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nanom\u00e9trique constitue un immense d\u00e9fi en mati\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9gration, et il conviendra de s\u2019appuyer sur les savoir-faire en chimie et mat\u00e9riaux avanc\u00e9s pour la mise au point d\u2019alternatives \u00ab claytroniques \u00bb aux approches standard du calcul, de la r\u00e9troaction, des capteurs ou m\u00eame de la transmission d\u2019informations. Cette r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9chelle implique d\u2019organiser les actions\/mouvements de millions de catoms en un ensemble claytronique, une t\u00e2che qui d\u00e9passe les capacit\u00e9s actuelles des ordinateurs et exige l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un nouveau paradigme d\u2019informatique cognitive ultrarapide, reposant sur des composants photoniques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Animateur d’axe : Micha\u00ebl Gauthier, CNRS Dans le cadre de ce domaine prioritaire, les comp\u00e9tences li\u00e9es aux th\u00e9matiques suivantes seront exploit\u00e9es : Mat\u00e9riaux et processus avanc\u00e9s : (nano)mat\u00e9-riaux et composites, chimie durable, films minces structur\u00e9s, surfaces fonctionnalis\u00e9es, fabrication des micro\/nanomat\u00e9riaux, m\u00e9taux pour composants de l\u2019industrie nucl\u00e9aire. Syst\u00e8mes intelligents int\u00e9gr\u00e9s et composants sous-jacents : micro\/nanotechnologies\/robotique, (nano)photonique … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":44137,"menu_order":283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35632","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35632"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35632"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45445,"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35632\/revisions\/45445"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubfc-preprod.u-bourgogne.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}